An evaluation of winter operational runway friction. Improving airport runway braking analysis through innovative modeling by cheng zhang a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of master of applied science in civil engineering waterloo, ontario, canada, 2014 cheng zhang 2014. Whilst it is impossible to control the geographical locations of areas of commercial attractiveness, the capabilities of the bae 146. Nasa langley research center has partnered with the federal aviation administration faa, transport canada tc, and several european and asian aviation authorities and organisations in the joint winter runway friction measurement program jwrfmp. To minimize hydroplaning following heavy rain, the pavement surface is usually grooved so that the surface water film flows into the grooves and the peaks between. Air transportation safety investigation report a19q0010. Transport canada, tp 14371, transport canada aeronautical information manual tc aim, air. To minimize hydroplaning following heavy rain, the pavement surface is usually grooved so that the surface water film flows into the grooves and the peaks between grooves will still be in contact with the aircraft tires. Friction is measured for each third of the runway, in a direction parallel to the runway centerline. However, there is not, at present, a common friction index for all ground friction measuring devices. International friction index ifi piarc has developed friction slip speed model piarc model as shown in figure 1 and determined golden. An advisory of runway conditions is provided to the control tower after every runway check or change in runway conditions via tracr ii snowiz.
The evening of the accident, the runway was maintained in accordance with procedures in effect at cyuy. Friction measurement one way of assessing a runway surface is through the use of friction surveys. The objective of this program is to ensure the provision of safe airport runway operating conditions for efficient air transportation in canada. North bay is home to many aerospace testing programs.
The data was used to compare the international runway friction index determined from the gfmds data to the aircraft braking coefficient mu data collected from six different aircraft. However, runway friction values expressed on some reports. The congestionfree north bay airport is an ideal location for your next aerospace testing program. Scales to express the tirepavement friction of runway surfaces. The purpose of this document is to provide information on technical performance requirements and correlation procedures for decelerometers to be used for canadian runway friction index crfi measurements at airports. Icao documents on which the aerodrome and heliport services are based include annex 14, volume i. Canadian runway friction index post by dhc5 fri sep 02, 2011 7. Alacpa x mexico city september 30 to october 4, 20.
Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment. During the year 2000, the astm e 2100 standard the international runway friction index, irfi, was drafted and approved. Runway pavement surface is prepared and maintained to maximize friction for wheel braking. Pdf variation of friction coefficient of airport runway. Building on past and current initiatives, such as the international runway friction index, the canadian runway friction index, the u. A decision support model to assess the braking performance on snow and ice contaminated runways. Adequate runway friction between aircraft tyres and the surface of a runway is of great importance to conduct safe operations. Less friction means less aircraft braking coefficient and less aircraft braking response. Runway friction characteristics measurement march 2010. In canada, a james brake index jbi chart was developed. An overview of the annual nasa tirerunway friction workshop. An overview of the annual nasa tirerunway friction.
Evidence from recent aircraft overrun and veer off accidents on wet runways show that the runway friction characteristics versus aircraft braking performance were often a contributing factor. This runway designation marking is located approximately 12 m 39 feet from the runway threshold, centred on the runway centreline. The average decelerometer reading of each runway is reported as the canadian runway friction index crfi. Ride comfort index historical transport canada method was the ride comfort index rci subjective rating of ride quality by a panel of raters using passenger vehicle driving at 80 kmhr 0 very poor to 10 very good pilot complaints expected when rci document is to provide information on technical performance requirements and correlation procedures for decelerometers to be used for canadian runway friction index crfi measurements at airports. How best to determine runwayhighway pavement surface friction. Differences between canadian regulations and practices and icao standards, recommended practices and procedures will be published at a future date. Transport canada, tp 14371, transport canada aeronautical information manual tc aim, air airmanship. The final edited version may still undergo alterations in the process of editing. Crollprediction of aircraft landing distance on winter contaminated runways using the canadian runway friction index. Werner kleinebeek research project manager safety analysis and research department. What is the abbreviation for canadian runway friction index. Yager senior research engineer nasa langley research center presented at the international forum on aeroelasticity and structural dynamics june 2225, 1999 williamsburg, va abstract some background information is given together with the scope and objectives of a 5year. The international civil aviation organization icao documents on which the. The report suggests normalized friction measurements for the comparison of friction measurement devices and segmented runway condition maps to monitor friction at airports.
Information from canadian aip canadian runway friction index also see history of the icao ice and snow table. How best to determine runwayhighway pavement surface friction performance. For m ore information refer to the following publication. Amscrs and canadian runway friction index crfi reports are available at all times during hours of operation, and on demand with 1 hour notice outside hours of operation. Cap 683 the assessment of runway surface friction characteristics glossary page 1 glossary for the purpose of a runway surface friction assessment the following definitions apply. This document applies to airport operators and suppliersmanufacturers of decelerometers. The following definitions are used in this document. Ideally it would be preferable to relate aeroplane braking performance to a friction index measured by a ground friction device that would be reported as part of a surface condition report. The snowtam format icao, 2003 defines nine different contamination codes k, given in table 3.
The runway threshold is marked with the number 26, which corresponds to the whole number closest to the tenth of the magnetic bearing of the runway centreline. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab draft final report volume 4 operational friction measurements and runway condition reporting submitted in response to contract. Pre process pre process process post process post process. Improving airport runway braking analysis through innovative. The timely and accurate measurement of runway friction. Runway surface condition assessment, measurement and. How best to determine runwayhighway pavement surface. A minimum of four 4 test surfaces with friction levels varying from 0. Runway water, ice, or snow was a factor in more than 50 airplane accidents between 1998 and 2006.
A decision support model to assess the braking performance on. Mar 16, 2005 adequate runway friction between aircraft tyres and the surface of a runway is of great importance to conduct safe operations. For the past year, there has been a lot of discussion in the us and canada on establishing regional calibration centers for the airportrunway friction measuring devices as well as definition of a practical and acceptable calibration procedure. International runway friction index irfi versus aircraft. Typical mu values for an aircraft travelling at 65kmhr would be around 0. Astm astm international is a standards organisation. A link to that document, safo 06012, landing performance assessment at time of arrival turbojet, can be found on alpas website, crewroom. Faa takeoff and landing performance assessment, as well as easas runway friction characteristics. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab iii volume 3 functional friction scrim sideway force coefficient routine investigation machine sft saab friction tester or surface friction tester sn skid number snowtam snow warning to airmen spm sand patch method srm stuttgarter reibungsmesser. This document is an unedited advance versioof an icao publication as approved, in n principle, by the secretary general, which is made available for convenience. Crfi abbreviation stands for canadian runway friction index.
Remote runway operations bae systems regional aircraft. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Transport canada aeronautical information manual, 1. Runway friction coefficient should be measured at least daily and reported via notam if needed. Runway surface condition assessment, measurement and reporting. Accelerate to a speed of 40 kph and make a firm brake application 10.
Benefitcost analysis of procedures for accounting for runway friction on landing. Friction is expressed as the coefficient of friction. Icao friction task force itf is working on assessment and reporting of runway surface conditions and it is expected that a global format for reporting runway surface conditions will be. Since 1996 we have been participating in the international runway friction index testing program with transport canada, nasa, faa, nrc and several european countries. The canadian runway friction index crfi is used in canada. Mhisopairp011 canadian runway friction index measuring page 2 of 2 issued.
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